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# Removable Singularity

Removable Singularity is a term which is related with the field of complex analysis and is linked with all types of holomorphic function. In simple words, removable singularities are those points on the graph of the function at which the holomorphic function always comes out to be undefined, and therefore, we can always redefine the function in those ways by which the function can become regular around a specific neighborhood of the point which makes the function undefined.

## How to Find Removable Singularity?

In order to find the removable singularities of any given function, the first thing which we need to know is about the definition of singularity and what are its specific types in the field of complex analysis. So, any singularity, which is also know as isolated or a point of a function is defined as follows:
If f be any function which is defined on a set that is open, then if the function f is not defined at a point z0, and is then redefined on a deleted neighborhood (which means is defined in some specific neighborhood of that point, deleting that point), such that 0 < $\left | z-z_{0} \right |$ < r, this means that the point z0 is the point of singularity of the function f.

Lets consider a function f (z) = $\frac{1}{z}$, which is defined on C - 0. Then the point z = 0 will be considered as the

point of singularity of the function f, because of the fact that the function f becomes undefined at the point 0, and can be defined at any other point except 0. Also, we will find that $\left | f (z) \rightarrow infinity \right |$ as the point z $\rightarrow$ 0. We can always generalize this result to get that, the function f (z) = 1 / zn, where n is always greater than equal to one, that is a positive integer, will have z = 0 as a point of singularity and $\left | f (z) \rightarrow infinity \right |$ as z $\rightarrow$ 0.
Lets consider another function as f (z) = e1/z. Here, it is literally impossible to define f (0) so as to make the function f as

continuous at the point 0, because of the fact that e^$\frac{1}{z}$ will take each non zero number to infinity near the

neighbourhood of 0. Moreover, we can also find out that |f (z)| will not tend to infinity as z approaches near zero. Hence, this function helps in understanding how to find out the removable singularities of a function, by first understanding about the zeroes of the holomorphic functions, because all the singularities of 1/zn comes out on those points in which the denominator zn has zeroes in it.
The next important thing to find out the removable singularities is by finding out the poles of the holomorphic functions, which are defined as follows:
Let f be any holomorphic function with the point of singularity at z0, and if f is a non zero function defined in some disc which is centered at z0, then the function $\frac{1}{f}$ is holomorphic in that disc. Now lets define, 1 / f at the point z0, as equal to

zero, then the function f has a pole of order n if $\frac{1}{f}$ is holomorphic at the point z0, which the zero of order n at the point z0.
Also, if the point z0 is a pole of order 1, for the function f, then z0 is often referred to as a simple pole of the function f.

Let f (z) be any function at the point z and consider z0 as a singularity of this function, and consider it redefining the complete function as f (z0) in such a manner, so that the function f is holomorphic at the point of singularity z0, then we define this point, z0 as a point of removable singularity of the function f. Thus, in simple words, we can always say that removable singularities are those points of the holomorphic functions which are made by the points in the domain of the function which has to be deleted, because at those points the function itself become undefined.

## Removable Singularity Examples

Example 2: Find the removable singularity of $f (z)$ = $\frac{sin^2 x}{ x} . Solution: By applying the definition of limits, we can expand the function sin^2 x / x as:$\frac{sin^2 x}{ x}$=$\frac{sin x }{ x }\times sin x$. Now by applying limits as x tends to zero, we get:$\frac{sin^2 x}{ x}$=$Lim_{x \rightarrow 0}\frac{sin x }{ x }\times sin x$= 1$\times$0 = 0, which means that this function has a removable singularity with the pole at x = 0. Example 3: How would we remove the singularity of the function$f (z)$=$\frac{sin z }{ z}$. Give explanation. Solution: We know that the function$f (z)$=$\frac{sin z }{ z}$is analytic in the entire punctured disc of z such that 0 < |z| < R. But, the quotient of this function is not defined only at one single point of z = 0, therefore, we can write the function sin z = z + z3 g(z), where g is an entire function, because of the fact that the function sin z in an entire function too. This means that for z not equal to zero, we can redefine the function as: f (z) =$\frac{sin z }{ z}\$ = 1 + z2 g (z).